According to a 2012 policy paper from the nonprofit public policy research organization Demos, Maryland and New York implemented their laws after the 2010 census, and both have withstood federal court challenges; Delaware and California's laws will take effect with the next census.
In four other states -- Virginia, Colorado, New Jersey and Mississippi -- the legislative or executive branches either "require or encourage local governments to modify the census and refuse to use prison populations as padding," Demos found.